Overview The linkage of HIV with homosexuality has created serious barriers to prevention and education initiatives since the beginning of the epidemic. The criminalization and marginalization of gay men and other sexual minorities in many countries handicap national HIV responses. Examples of the impact of homophobia on responses to HIV, on HIV prevention, and on the care, support, and treatment of people living with HIV include the following: • Because HIV has primarily affected gay men and other marginalized populations, governments have been, and continue to be, less committed to fighting the disease. • Because many school systems remain reluctant to provide positive education about sexuality, young gay men are more vulnerable to contracting HIV. • Because of a fear of being identified as gay, some people may not seek (or may not seek early enough) testing for HIV, or care, support and treatment for HIV-related illnesses. Our work includes making recommendations to legislators, policy-makers, UN human rights bodies, and other stakeholders on how discrimination against gay men and other sexual minorities — including, but not limited to, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, transsexual, intersex, and two-spirited people — could be decreased, and prevention and care efforts in the area of HIV improved.

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